Estimation of Energy Transition Index based on Official Statistics and Satellite Imagery Data

(Case Study: Regencies/Cities in Indonesia)

Abstract

Energy has a crucial role in sustaining human life, its implementation should be optimized based on the principles of sustainable development through a shift from non-renewable to renewable sources. To monitor this shift, the World Economic Forum (WEF) developed the Energy Transition Index (ETI), which measures national-level transitions using conventional statistical data. However, the ETI is limited to the country level, while more detailed assessments are needed at smaller administrative scales such as regencies and cities to capture regional specificities. This study addresses the gap by constructing an energy transition index at the regency/city level in Indonesia for 2024. The analysis integrates official statistics with satellite imagery data to overcome limitations in subnational data availability. Methodologically, Exploratory Factor Analysis and uncertainty analysis were applied. Among five scenario of uncertaincy analysis tested, scenario 1 featuring min-max normalization, unequal weighting across indicators and factors, and linear aggregation produced the most reliable results. The findings reveal that the index is composed of four main factors. Overall, Indonesia’s energy transition index values show a relatively even distribution, yet disparities remain evident across islands and between regencies/cities. Higher scores are concentrated in the western regions, while lower scores dominate the eastern parts of the country.